微服务集成测试：使用TestContainers进行依赖模拟_千锋教育

import org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer;
import org.testcontainers.containers.KafkaContainer;
import org.testcontainers.containers.MySQLContainer;
import org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName;

@Testcontainers
public class OrderServiceIntegrationTest {

    @Container
    static MySQLContainer<?> mysql = new MySQLContainer<>("mysql:8.0")
            .withDatabaseName("orderdb")
            .withUsername("test")
            .withPassword("test");

    @Container
    static GenericContainer<?> redis = new GenericContainer<>("redis:7-alpine")
            .withExposedPorts(6379);

    @Container
    static KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer(
            DockerImageName.parse("confluentinc/cp-kafka:7.4.0"));

    @Test
    void testCreateOrder() {
        // 获取MySQL连接
        String mysqlUrl = mysql.getJdbcUrl();
        String mysqlUser = mysql.getUsername();
        String mysqlPass = mysql.getPassword();
        
        // 获取Redis连接
        String redisHost = redis.getHost();
        Integer redisPort = redis.getMappedPort(6379);
        
        // 获取Kafka连接
        String kafkaBootstrap = kafka.getBootstrapServers();
        
        // 构建真实服务
        OrderService orderService = new OrderService(
                mysqlUrl, mysqlUser, mysqlPass,
                redisHost, redisPort,
                kafkaBootstrap
        );
        
        // 执行测试
        Order order = orderService.createOrder("user-001", "product-001", 2);
        
        // 验证MySQL数据
        assertNotNull(order.getId());
        
        // 验证Redis缓存
        assertTrue(redisTemplate.hasKey("order:" + order.getId()));
        
        // 验证Kafka消息
        ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = kafkaConsumer.poll(Duration.ofSeconds(5));
        assertTrue(records.count() > 0);
    }
}

public class CustomMySQLContainer extends MySQLContainer<CustomMySQLContainer> {

    private static final String IMAGE_VERSION = "mysql:8.0";
    private static final String MYSQL_CONFIG = 
            "[mysqld]\n" +
            "max_connections=200\n" +
            "character-set-server=utf8mb4\n" +
            "collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci\n";

    public CustomMySQLContainer() {
        super(IMAGE_VERSION);
        // 挂载自定义配置文件
        withCopyFileToContainer(
                MountableFile.forHostPath("path/to/custom.cnf"),
                "/etc/mysql/conf.d/custom.cnf"
        );
        // 设置环境变量
        withEnv("MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD", "rootpass");
        withEnv("MYSQL_DATABASE", "testdb");
        // 等待策略：等待MySQL就绪
        waitingFor(Wait.forLogMessage(".*ready for connections.*", 1));
    }
}

@Testcontainers
public class NetworkIsolationTest {

    @Container
    static Network network = Network.newNetwork();

    @Container
    static MySQLContainer<?> mysql = new MySQLContainer<>("mysql:8.0")
            .withNetwork(network)
            .withNetworkAliases("mysql-db");

    @Container
    static GenericContainer<?> app = new GenericContainer<>("my-app:latest")
            .withNetwork(network)
            .withEnv("DB_HOST", "mysql-db")
            .withEnv("DB_PORT", "3306");

    @Test
    void testAppToDbConnection() {
        // 应用容器通过别名mysql-db连接数据库
        // 测试应用是否成功启动
        assertTrue(app.isRunning());
    }
}

// 错误：每个测试方法都创建新容器
@Test
void test1() {
    try (PostgreSQLContainer<?> pg = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:15")) {
        pg.start();
        // 测试代码
    }
}

// 正确：类级别共享容器
@Container
static PostgreSQLContainer<?> pg = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:15");

<!-- surefire插件配置 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <configuration>
        <parallel>classes</parallel>
        <threadCount>4</threadCount>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

// 错误：固定端口
@Container
static PostgreSQLContainer<?> pg = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:15")
        .withFixedPort(5432);

// 正确：使用随机端口
@Container
static PostgreSQLContainer<?> pg = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:15");

// 设置合理的等待策略
@Container
static PostgreSQLContainer<?> pg = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:15")
        .withStartupTimeout(Duration.ofMinutes(3))
        .waitingFor(Wait.forListeningPort());

// 确保测试结束清理
@AfterAll
static void tearDown() {
    // TestContainers自动处理，但可手动清理
    if (pg != null) {
        pg.stop();
    }
}