测试中的用户体验评估：启发式评估与用户测试结合_千锋教育

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-contract-verifier</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-contract-stub-runner</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Contract.make {
    description "获取用户信息"
    request {
        method GET()
        url "/api/users/1"
        headers {
            contentType applicationJson()
        }
    }
    response {
        status OK()
        headers {
            contentType applicationJson()
        }
        body([
            id: 1,
            name: "张三",
            email: "zhangsan@test.com"
        ])
    }
}

stubrunner:
  ids: 'com.example:user-service:+:stubs:8080'
  stubs-mode: local

mvn clean install -DskipTests

public class UserServiceContractTest extends BaseTestClass {
    @Test
    public void shouldReturnUser() {
        // 自动生成的测试代码
        given().spec(requestSpecification)
            .get("/api/users/1")
            .then()
            .statusCode(200)
            .body("id", equalTo(1))
            .body("name", equalTo("张三"));
    }
}

Contract.make {
    description "订单服务获取用户信息"
    request {
        method GET()
        url "/api/users/1"
    }
    response {
        status OK()
        body([
            id: 1,
            name: "张三",
            phone: "13800138000"  // 新增字段：电话
        ])
    }
}

@RestController
public class UserController {
    @GetMapping("/api/users/{id}")
    public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        return userService.findById(id);
    }
}

mvn clean verify

Expected: {id: 1, name: "张三", phone: "13800138000"}
Actual: {id: 1, name: "张三"}

stages:
  - build
  - contract-test
  - deploy

contract-test:
  stage: contract-test
  script:
    - mvn clean verify
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - target/stubs/

Contract.make {
    description "创建订单"
    request {
        method POST()
        url "/api/orders"
        body([
            userId: 1,
            productId: 100,
            quantity: 2
        ])
    }
    response {
        status CREATED()
        body([
            orderId: 12345,
            status: "PENDING"
        ])
    }
}

git tag v1.0.0-contract
git tag v2.0.0-contract

contracts/
├── shouldReturnUser.groovy
├── shouldReturnUserNotFound.groovy
└── shouldReturnUserList.groovy

Contract.make {
    description "用户不存在"
    request {
        method GET()
        url "/api/users/999999"
    }
    response {
        status NOT_FOUND()
        body([
            error: "用户不存在"
        ])
    }
}

# 修改代码前，先更新契约
git checkout -b feature/update-contract
# 修改契约文件
# 提交契约
git commit -m "更新用户接口契约"
# 再改代码

Contract.make {
    description "获取用户信息（性能要求）"
    request {
        method GET()
        url "/api/users/1"
    }
    response {
        status OK()
        headers {
            responseTime lessThan 200  // 响应时间<200ms
        }
    }
}

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-contract-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <configuration>
        <contractsDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/test/resources/contracts</contractsDirectory>
        <baseClassMappings>
            <baseClassMapping>
                <contractPackageRegex>.*</contractPackageRegex>
                <baseClassFQN>com.example.BaseTestClass</baseClassFQN>
            </baseClassMapping>
        </baseClassMappings>
    </configuration>
</plugin>