构建基于OpenStack的私有云解决方案

随着云计算的发展，企业面临着越来越多的需求，其中一个重要的需求是搭建私有云来支持企业内部的应用和服务。OpenStack是一个开源的云计算平台，具有高度可扩展性和灵活性，它能够提供强大的计算、存储和网络功能。本篇文章将介绍如何构建基于OpenStack的私有云解决方案。

1. 架构设计

OpenStack的架构非常复杂，一般会将其分为三个层面，分别是控制节点、计算节点和存储节点。其中，控制节点负责管理整个OpenStack环境，计算节点负责提供计算资源，存储节点负责提供存储资源。

2. 环境搭建

2.1 安装操作系统

OpenStack支持多种操作系统，包括CentOS、Ubuntu等，此处以CentOS为例。

2.2 安装MySQL

MySQL是OpenStack的数据库，需要通过以下命令安装：

$sudo yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server python2-PyMySQL$sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service$sudo systemctl start mariadb.service$sudo mysql_secure_installation

2.3 安装RabbitMQ

RabbitMQ是OpenStack的消息队列，需要通过以下命令安装：

$sudo yum install -y rabbitmq-server$sudo systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service$sudo systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service$sudo rabbitmqctl add_user openstack RABBIT_PASS$sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"

2.4 安装Keystone

Keystone是OpenStack的身份认证服务，需要通过以下命令安装：

$sudo yum install -y openstack-keystone httpd mod_wsgi$sudo systemctl enable httpd.service$sudo systemctl start httpd.service$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi.conf \  include /usr/share/openstack-dashboard/openstack_dashboard/wsgi/django.wsgi$sudo systemctl restart httpd.service

2.5 安装Glance

Glance是OpenStack的镜像服务，需要通过以下命令安装：

$sudo yum install -y openstack-glance

2.6 安装Nova

Nova是OpenStack的计算服务，需要通过以下命令安装：

$sudo yum install -y openstack-nova-compute

2.7 安装Neutron

Neutron是OpenStack的网络服务，需要通过以下命令安装：

$sudo yum install -y openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-ml2 openstack-neutron-linuxbridge ebtables ipset

2.8 安装Cinder

Cinder是OpenStack的块存储服务，需要通过以下命令安装：

$sudo yum install -y openstack-cinder targetcli python-keystone

3. 配置OpenStack

3.1 配置Keystone

Keystone是OpenStack的身份认证服务，需要进行以下配置：

$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@controller/keystone$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf token provider fernet$sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone$sudo keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-password ADMIN_PASS \  --bootstrap-admin-url http://controller:35357/v3/ \  --bootstrap-internal-url http://controller:35357/v3/ \  --bootstrap-public-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \  --bootstrap-region-id RegionOne

3.2 配置Glance

Glance是OpenStack的镜像服务，需要进行以下配置：

$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name Default$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name Default$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken username glance$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken password GLANCE_PASS$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name Default$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name Default$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken username glance$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken password GLANCE_PASS$sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance

3.3 配置Nova

Nova是OpenStack的计算服务，需要进行以下配置：

$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller/nova$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf api auth_strategy keystone$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name Default$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name Default$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken username nova$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken password NOVA_PASS$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc vncserver_listen $my_ip$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc vncserver_proxyclient_address $my_ip$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf glance api_servers http://controller:9292$sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage api_db sync" nova$sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova

3.4 配置Neutron

Neutron是OpenStack的网络服务，需要进行以下配置：

$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://neutron:NEUTRON_DBPASS@controller/neutron$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT core_plugin ml2$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT service_plugins router$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT allow_overlapping_ips True$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT dhcp_agent_notification True$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name Default$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name Default$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken username neutron$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken password NEUTRON_PASS$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 type_drivers flat,vlan,vxlan$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 tenant_network_types vxlan$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 mechanism_drivers openvswitch,l2population$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 extension_drivers port_security$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2_type_flat flat_networks provider$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2_type_vxlan vni_ranges 1:1000$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/openvswitch_agent.ini ovs local_ip $my_ip$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/openvswitch_agent.ini ovs bridge_mappings provider:br-provider$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vif_plugging_is_fatal False$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vif_plugging_timeout 0$sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf --config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade head" neutron

3.5 配置Cinder

Cinder是OpenStack的块存储服务，需要进行以下配置：

$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://cinder:CINDER_DBPASS@controller/cinder$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name Default$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name Default$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken username cinder$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken password CINDER_PASS$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT rpc_backend rabbit$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_host controller$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_userid openstack$sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_password RABBIT_PASS$sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "cinder-manage db sync" cinder

4. 部署OpenStack服务

完成以上配置之后，需要启动各个服务，以控制节点为例，需要启动以下服务：

$sudo systemctl enable openstack-keystone.service$sudo systemctl start openstack-keystone.service$sudo systemctl enable openstack-glance-api.service openstack-glance-registry.service$sudo systemctl start openstack-glance-api.service openstack-glance-registry.service$sudo systemctl enable openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service openstack-nova-conductor.service$sudo systemctl start openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service openstack-nova-conductor.service$sudo systemctl enable neutron-server.service$sudo systemctl start neutron-server.service$sudo systemctl enable openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service$sudo systemctl start openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service

现在，基于OpenStack的私有云解决方案已经搭建完成，可以开始部署自己的应用和服务了。

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